Fig 1: Serum levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1 in the control and AoV stenosis groups. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; AoV, aortic valve.
Fig 2: Regression analyses. Regression lines of serum (A) MMP-1 and MMP-9, (B) MMP-1 and MMP-3, and (C) MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in patients with AoV stenosis. AoV, aortic valve; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.
Fig 3: Pioglitazone treatment enhances release of immunoregulatory (anti‐inflammatory) proteins by MS patient monocytes. SOMAscan technology was used to compare protein expression in supernatants from myelin‐phagocytosing MS patient monocytes before and after pioglitazone treatment. (A) Heat map representing 46 proteins with a >25% change upon myelin phagocytosis (left column) and phagocytosing + pio treatment (right column) in MS monocytes. (B) Those proteins highly altered after pioglitazone treatment (>1.5‐fold change) are mapped, indicating activation of anti‐inflammatory (27 proteins) or proinflammatory signaling (8 proteins). n = 6/group. (C) Three proteins were validated by ELISA. HV monocytes trend toward a slightly higher C3 concentration (50.5 ± 4.8 ng/mL) than MS (37.6 ± 5.7 ng/mL) (n.s.). C3 release significantly increased upon phagocytosis (43.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL) and further upon pioglitazone treatment (51.9 ± 4.0 ng/mL), confirming the SomaLogic results. (D) TIMP‐1 levels showed no difference between HV and MS, but displayed a significant increase upon both myelin phagocytosis (77.9 ± 2.8 ng/mL) and pioglitazone treatment (80.5 ± 2.4 ng/mL). (E) Conversely, MMP‐9 release was significantly lower in HV (18.1 ± 0.5 ng/mL) compared to MS patients (18.9 ± 0.4 ng/mL). It was significantly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (17.9 ± 0.7 ng/mL) compared to myelin‐phagocytosing (18.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL) monocytes. MMP‐9 data had a large kurtosis and was log transformed. Adjusted P‐values for pairwise comparisons in a two‐way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's test. Mean ± 95% CI, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 26/group. MS, multiple sclerosis; ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays; HV, healthy volunteer; ANOVA, analysis of variance.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Human TIMP1 ELISA Kit